Starbucks Implementation, Strategic Controls free essay sample

Running Head: Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans STR/581 Version 4 Strategic Planning Implementation Kenneth Kobus July 12, 2011 Starbucks is the worlds leading specialty coffee retailer. The company produces a wide range of beverages as well as various confections and pastries. With over 17,000 stores world wide one would have to wonder why a successful company like this would need to form a strategic plan. In this world there are no guarantees of success for businesses. A company may have a great product, but if it fails to identify a specific market, or to use a proper marketing plan, it will not be able to successfully reach the consumers. Over the years Starbucks has been successfully able to take simple activity carried out at home to the pinnacle of commercial success. By expertly executing their marketing strategy Starbucks has taking coffee service to an art form. The firm has been able to convince consumers that its stores provide more than just coffee. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Implementation, Strategic Controls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Starbucks aims to provide a rich experience for customers to indulge in on a recurring basis.The company has turned this consumer experience in to a highly profitable business. The most effective way to implement a successful plan is to use short term objectives. It’s impossible to see into the future so it is better to strive for goals that can be measured and achieved. John Thompson of Symantec Corporation once quoted, â€Å"I am a little old-fashioned—I don’t believe you can manage what you can’t measure,† Thompson has said. â€Å"The importance of objectives becomes more important as the company grows in size and scale. Objectives also serve as an indication for the ‘team’ about what you are paying attention to.If employees know you are measuring market growth and customer satisfaction, they will pay attention to those considerations and act based on indicators that you, as leader, emphasize within the company. Objectives help teams and focus on what’s important for the company to succeed† (The Key to Success? Go Figure,†Ã‚  BusinessWeek, July 21, 2003. ) Starbucks has a very innovative research and development program for their new products. The company is always looking for new ways to make the Starbuck experience more pleasurable for its customers.On November of 2001 the company introduced its new product called the Starbuck’s card. The Starbuck card is like a gift card that provides store value for its customers. The goal of this new card implantation is to reduce the time spent paying for drinks. Since it introduction the Starbucks Card has been very popular with its customers as it provides a better way to enhance customer experience. â€Å"Another implementation was to save on the amount of time it took to make drinks in the ice scoops. Engineers at Starbucks notice that baristas had to take two scoops of ice when making venti-size cold rinks. They then went back and redesigned the ice scoop. When the stores started using the new scoops, it â€Å"shaved† off about 14 seconds from the preparation time of the drink† (Arola, Manning 2007). This new implementation was part of the company’s goal of getting the drink to its customers in three minutes or less. Starbucks is always looking for new ways to improve their products and services to their customers. If a customer has a problem or a comment they can turn it into the forum page off of the company’s website.By doing this the company is able to get customer feedback to all of its new ideas and products. Starbucks is competing in an industry where marketing principles has to follow the differentiator strategy or they will lose market share. The company goal is to create high value for its customers, or the customers will simply find another place to spend their money. Starbucks marketing principles are the basis of the companys competitive advantage within the coffee industry. Starbucks products are associated with high quality, and the company dedicates itself to producing high quality products.Because of this association with high quality, Starbucks has been able to charge a higher price or premium for its products. As long as the company can protect its reputation for high quality and strong values, it will be able to maintain its premium prices. Functional tactics According to the reading â€Å"Functional tactics  are the key, routine activities that must be undertaken in each functional area—marketing, finance, production/operations, R;D, and human resource management—to provide the business’s products and services.In a sense, functional tactics translate thought (grand strategy) into actio n designed to accomplish specific short-term objectives. Every value chain activity in a company executes functional tactics that support the business’s strategy and help accomplish strategic objectives. † (Pearce, and Robinson 2011) Starbucks must maintain its high quality strategy. In areas of employment that company must improve its benefits package so as to improve the moral of its employees. The company must not be lured away from McDonalds low price approach to coffee. Starbucks has been facing heavy competition most ecently. Companies like McDonalds are producing coffee on a much cheaper scale than Starbucks. In the past there were few companies in the gourmet coffee business but that is now changing. In the beginning Starbucks was able to use its marketing prowess to create a favorable image of premium gourmet coffee shop experience. This marketing strategy was what gave Starbucks its major advantage over its competitors. The company also used this marketing strategy to place over 17,000 outlets worldwide and to have each outlet meld into their communities. Action ItemsIn  management, an  action item  is a documented event, task, activity, or  action  that needs to take place. Action items are discrete units that can be handled by a single person. Action items are very important to Starbucks Strategy. An action item is a documented task that must take place in order to help a company achieve its short-term goals. Action Items can usually be done by one person. One action Item that has been implemented by Starbucks is the 5 second labor rule. â€Å"According to the action item, Baristas are no longer required to pull shots into shot glasses where the quality of the shot can be seen.We are now allowed to pull the directly into the cup. If the timing of the shot is correct, then the customer gets what they get. If the timing of the shot is NOT correct, the cup and the syrups and any other pre-prepped items go into the trash. (Starbucks Forums website) This may seem trivial but if one was to multiply the 5 seconds by the number of shots and stores, it would add to millions of dollars in potential savings for the company. Another important action items that employees can use is the prioritizing of user experience.Customers do not like waiting in line for long so workers must use the company’s technology and their own training to expedite customer services. Milestones and a deadline The help keep the company on track it is important to have milestones and deadlines. This helps everyone to have a sense of urgency about what needs to be done. Planning for deadlines must not be too time-consuming. If the planning phase is to long, the company will miss it deadlines. Starbucks made a partnership with Green Mountain Coffee in March of 2011. The company rushed to do this lucrative deal because McDonalds, (one if its main rivals) were also in talks with the Green Mountain. Risk Management. All companies need to have some form of risk management plan in order to mitigate their potential losses. One of the major problems that affected Starbucks was its over expansion. The company was in danger of commoditizing coffee and losing its high quality experience. Starbucks must implement a plan for long term financing especially as it expands into international markets. It must also have a back up plan for its logistics and coffee supply.

The Crossman Diaries case Essay Example

The Crossman Diaries case Essay Example The Crossman Diaries case Essay The Crossman Diaries case Essay The power of conventions to aid constitutional change may therefore be acknowledged from a political standpoint. The case of Attorney General v Jonathan Cape10 suggests that conventions wield little recognition from a legal perspective. In practice, the courts general attitude towards conventions does in fact reflect badly upon the legal power of conventions. The Crossman Diaries case provides a perfect illustration of the courts unwillingness to apply conventions. The case was regarding the publication of the diaries of Richard Crossman, a minister in the Labour governments from 1964 to 1970. The Attorney General sought to prevent publication on the grounds of a breach of convention. The convention relied upon was of collective ministerial responsibility, the preservation of cabinet secrecy. Lord Widgery CJ stated that a true convention is.. an obligation founded in conscience only11 and subsequently the Attorney General was unable to rely upon a conventional rule. This case is a demonstration of the courts lack of acceptance of conventions as a reason for case redress. Similarly, the case of Manuel v Attorney General12 illustrates the treatment of conventions as an entirely different species from law, which is a nice reflection of the argument of Sir Ivor Jennings that laws and conventions are in substance the same13 to be somewhat flawed. The issue arising from the case of Manuel v Attorney General involved the possible crystallisation of convention into law. It was suggested that the convention that the United Kingdom Parliament should not legislate for Canada except with its permission, might have evolved into a law through long term recognition. Slade LJ, who issued the Court of Appeal judgement, stated that the argument was quite unsustainable in the courts of this country14 and it was concluded that conventions do not possess the power to evolve from political practices to actual laws. However, occasionally the breach of a conventional rule can result in a change in law and I believe this demonstrates that conventions do exert a certain degree of power in legal fields as well as in areas of a purely political nature. The convention that the House of Lords should not obstruct the policy of an elected government when a majority in the House of Commons exists, was thought to have been breached in 1909, with a refusal from the House of Lords to accept budget proposals formulated by the Liberal government. The House of Lords was subsequently denied the power to prevent enactment of a measure accepted as a money bill15. Although it is rare for courts to apply conventions, they often use conventions as a tool for interpretation. In a privy council appeal case regarding the accession of Canada to independence, the convention of equity of status referred to in the preamble, was one of the main grounds for interpreting an otherwise ambiguous section of the Canadian constitution in such a way as to empower Federal Parliament to reject appeals to the privy council from all Canadian courts in civil cases16. Similarly when English courts have objected to review the grounds on which executive discretionary powers have been exercised, they have relied upon the convention that a minister is responsible to parliament for the exercise of power. Although it is not necessary for courts to enforce conventions, it is clear that these non-legal rules impose significant weight of obligation. Conventions play an important role in the operation of constitutions, yet there is still uncertainty surrounding their definition, implications, and scope. There is uncertainty with regard to their position in relation to laws and whether their obligatory nature makes them more than mere habits. The late Professor J D B Mitchell17 held that conventions were no less important than laws stating that: Many conventions are capable of being expressed with the precision of a rule of law, or of being incorporated into law. Precedent is as operative in the formulation of convention as it is in law. It cannot be said that a rule of law is necessarily more certain than a convention. Although this statement is not wholly acceptable, it illustrates the high regard in which conventions are held. The statement about precision must be questioned as only a small number of conventions exist whose precise formulation can be agreed. The issue relating to whether the importance of conventions equates to that of laws can be argued from both directions. In 1930s America the convention that a president should not stand for re-election more than once was considered more important than the law, as the law imposed no restriction. However, Franklin Roosevelt was elected for a third and fourth term which contradicts the argument that conventions are always of equal importance18. I would tend to refrain from drawing the conclusion that laws are always as important if not more important than laws as there is no sanction if a convention is broken and the convention that judges must abstain from party politics is more honoured in breach than in observance. However, what distinguishes these non-legal rules from mere habits is Diceys statement that if certain conventions are broken, legal problems would eventually arise19. The example he gives is that if parliament did not meet every year, legal requirements such as the authorisation of the budget would not be dealt with. The political and legal implications of conventions, as previously discussed, and their main purpose of adapting an otherwise archaic constitution to fit modern political values certainly distinguishes them from mere habits. A constitution without conventions would ultimately fail as they are sufficiently flexible to alter what cannot otherwise be altered; modified with changing social value, recast by those they control, expunged when they become inconvenient, and ignored when they become embarrassing. Ultimately they are a reactive tool whose scope and purpose cannot be attributed to mere habits.

Idioms Referring to Colors of the Rainbow

Idioms Referring to Colors of the Rainbow Idioms Referring to Colors of the Rainbow Idioms Referring to Colors of the Rainbow By Mark Nichol The six colors of the spectrum have contributed significantly to expressions and turns of phrase that are themselves often quite colorful. Here’s a sampling of idioms employing the words for colors. Red Because of the association of the color red with danger and deficits, most idioms that include the word red for example, â€Å"in the red† (meaning â€Å"in debt†) â€Å"red tape† (referring to bureaucratic complications), and â€Å"seeing red† (being so angry that one’s vision is blurred) have negative associations. However, they overshadow a few positive ones: â€Å"paint the town red† (enjoying oneself dining and drinking), â€Å"red-letter day† (an occasion for celebration), and â€Å"red-carpet treatment† or â€Å"roll out the red carpet† (referring to paying special attention to someone, based on the color of carpeting usually seen at the entrance to a gala event for celebrities or VIPs). A red herring is a deliberate diversion, a red-eye flight is a late-night airplane trip (from the bloodshot eyes of tired passengers), and to have a red face or to go beet red is to be embarrassed. Orange Among the colors of the rainbow, orange is curiously absent from idiomatic usage. Although it is a bright, cheerful color often found in nature, the only common expression that uses the word orange employs the plural form referring to the fruit of that name â€Å"apples and oranges,† meaning â€Å"unrelated subjects or issues,† to emphasize irrelevance. Yellow The few idioms incorporating the word yellow have negative connotations. To have a yellow belly or a yellow streak down one’s back (the reason for the choice of locations is obscure) is to be a coward, and yellow journalism, based on an early comic strip character named the Yellow Kid, is that which is sensational and/or biased. Green The phrases â€Å"green-eyed monster,† an epithet for jealousy, and â€Å"green with envy† are perhaps based on the idea that one’s complexion turns a sickly hue when feeling these emotions; similarly, to say that someone looks green (or is green around the gills) means that they appear to be sick. But green also has positive connotations: To give someone the green light, based on the universal traffic-signal color to indicate â€Å"Go,† is to approve a proposal. If you have a green thumb (or, in British English, green fingers), you are adept in gardening probably because successful gardeners are apparent from the green pigmentation that rubs off from healthy plants to their hands as they handle the vegetation. Because US paper currency is green, in American English, the color is associated with money and wealth. Blue Because it is the color of the sky, blue is associated with idioms such as â€Å"out of the blue,† â€Å"like a bolt from the blue,† and â€Å"out of a clear blue sky† that refer to a person, thing, or idea that arrives as if from nowhere. (â€Å"Into the wild blue yonder,† meanwhile, refers to a venture into unknown territory.) â€Å"Blue collar† connotes people who work at a trade or as laborers, because such workers at one time commonly wore durable shirts made of blue cotton (as opposed to â€Å"white collar,† referring to dress shirts worn by professionals and office workers, and â€Å"pink collar,† a later, now frowned-on, reference to women in clerical positions, so labeled because men rarely wore pink.) Two idioms generally negative in sense include blue-blooded, meaning â€Å"aristocratic,† probably because during the era in which the term was coined, nobility tended not to spend time in the sun and their veins showed blue under their pale skin, and â€Å"blue-eyed boy,† referring to a favored protà ©gà ©; this phrase likely stems from the fact that fair-skinned and fair-haired people, who at one time had a social advantage over their swarthier counterparts, are likely to have blue eyes. Other negative idioms include the use of blue to refer to a sad or bleak mood, as well as â€Å"black and blue,† meaning â€Å"bruised,† from the color of bruised skin, and â€Å"blue in the face,† referring to someone trying (in vain) to persuade another until, from lack of breath, they attain this state. Purple or Violet Purple, also called violet, like its color-spectrum counterpart yellow, has little representation in idiomatic language: Purple prose is that which is overwrought or overly complicated, and a shrinking violet is a shy person, though the usage is usually employed in such phrases as â€Å"not a shrinking violet† to refer to someone who is anything but shy. The color purple, because materials for dying fabric in that color were rare and therefore expensive, was reserved for royalty or the wealthy in western cultures and still has an association with nobility. This association resulted in another idiom, â€Å"born to the purple,† meaning â€Å"someone born to royalty during their reign† and, by extension, referring to children of prominent people. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of PhrasesHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsThe Difference Between e.g. and i.e.?

Comparison matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison matrix - Essay Example This type of learning transcends to a more interconnected view of the universe [where] knowledge is seen as an abstract whole to be accessed through inquiry of themes, issues, experiences, and problems (Mathison and Freeman, 1997). This approach to social studies learning also encourages discussion, critical thinking, creativity and decision making which is applicable in a real world setting. Its drawback is its cost because implementation of integrative learning may require an overhaul of the curriculum being used in the current K-12 system. According to the study of (Petrides et al., 2011) while textbooks provide a cost saving method to facilitate learning, textbook learning still requires more opportunities for more engagement and interaction such as â€Å"in-class discussions led by students, supported by web-based interactive technologies† (41). Compared to integrative learning, textbook learning is very limited as the interpretation of the universe is limited only to the viewpoint of the author and does not provide the opportunity for application, comparison and discussion of the text. c) Commercially purchased social studies learning – commercially purchased social studies learning such as technology assisted teaching medium (DVD tutorials, online learning) became more versatile today than they were first introduced, it still cannot facilitate critical reflection and decision making due to the limitation of the medium (Rose and Fernlund, 1997). Unlike the integrative method of social studies learning where a student can infer to various discipline in synthesizing his or her interpretation of the universe, commercially purchased social studies learning are only limited to the pre-set curriculum of the program purchased. Online learning may provide interaction but the coverage of discussion is not as comprehensive compared to integrative mode of learning. Commercially purchased social studies learning can also be costly

Seacoast Science Center Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Seacoast Science Center - Term Paper Example 7 Financial measurement 7 Donor dependence ratio 8 Non financial measurement 9 Competitive advantages 9 What can the SSC do to overcome the â€Å"$50,000 question†? Is this question the real problem facing SSC? 10 Would raising the admission fee negatively affect SSC’s financial situation? Explain. 11 Conclusion and recommendations 12 Executive summary The seacoast science Center is located in the Odiorne Point State Park in Rye, New Hampshire. The center served as an educational center for the local environment and the visitors’ center for the park. Just like for-profit-organizations, not-for-profit organizations operate in internal and external environments, both of which present forces that must be considered in determining the sustainability of the organization. Strengths and weaknesses are the internal factors that can be controlled by the management while opportunities and threats are the external forces that affect the whole industry, and which the organiz ation cannot control. Besides, competitive advantages will be examined – these are the factors that enable the company sell its goods/services despite there being rival organizations’ dealing with similar goods/services. Other issues that will be tackled in this report include: how to measure success, how to address the $50,000 question and the possible impacts of raising admission fees. Introduction/background The facility called Seacoast Science Center was opened in 1992, with Parks as the facility’s owner, Audibon Society of New Hampshire (ASNHH) as the managing sponsor and the Advisory Committee as the governing body. The director of the visiting center was Wendy Lull, who served as the first employee. During the year of starting, the center attracted 65,000 visitors, a number that grew to 100,000 by 1999, which was above its capacity. In November 2001, the Seacoast Science Center, Inc., an independent nonprofit organization took over the management contract for the center. Currently, SCC is grappling with a deficit budget, a problem that is giving Wendy Lull, the organization’s president, an endless headache. One of the options that is being cited to address this problem includes raising of the admission fees, but again it is argued that such a move could keep off the donors and perhaps make it difficult for the visitors to raise the fees, especially because people do not highly value the kind of services offered by perks. This report will analyze the organization’s SWOT, discusses ways of measuring its success, and look at its competitive advantages among other issues. SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. The organization’s programs strength is lying in its ability to track changes over time - through the use of simple technology. 2. SSC has a mix of staff and trained volunteers. The staff is always commended for engagement and commitment. The competence of staff is revealed by Wendy’s remarks that â€Å"—we all do visitor programs, we’re out there, you’re teaching people, you’re interacting with them† (Naumes and Lull, 2012: 10). 3. Educational programs are available for all ages, ranging from kindergarten through high school. This makes it easy for SSC to get many clients throughout the year. 4. The programs are very simple; hence, people can get involved without much hassle. 5. The organization has adopted technology including websites, direct mail and press release. These platforms are highly valuable for marketing purposes, which gives the organization a competitive edge. 6. The numbers of visitors are growing rapidly every year. 7. The change in management to SCC Inc. in 2001 allowed the management and staff to focus on the organization’s mission. This offered SSC a financial freedom, including having its own members and donors. 8. The new chairman, Pam Hall, has

House Security Essay Example for Free

House Security Essay http://www.apogeekits.com/remote_control_by_phone.htm Remote Control via Telephone Kit K6501 Makes it possible to turn up to three devices on or off over the telephone. It is also possible to check the status of a switch (open or closed). Remote Control Thermostat Kit K6502 Used as any other thermostat, but with the added function of choosing the day or night temperature setting by means of remote control over a telephone. Remote Control by Cell Phone Kit MK160 Use your cell phone for remote control of lighting, heating, gate operation, control animal feeders, activate a car alarm, etc. E-Lock Electronic Lock Kit ML222 A touch tone activated combination lock controlled by the keypad of a mobile phone. When the correct combination is entered, a relay on the circuit board is activated. The relay can be connected to a solenoid (not included) to unlock a door or cabinet. http://www.endoacustica.com/spy_telephone.htm A Spy Phone, or GSM Spy cellphone, is a normal mobile phone, where a software has been installed, which allows a third party to monitor the activities of the phone user. To avoid suspicions, a Spyphone must be given either as a present (for family members monitoring) or given as company equipment (for personnel monitoring). Naturally, if you want to listen to a person’s conversation, they must be using the phone on which the spy software has been installed. It is important to clarify that the GSM spy cellphone is not a phone that you can use to listen to conversations involving other people around you; on the contrary, this is a handset whose conversations can be listened to from an unlimited distance. To be able to listen to environmental conversations taking place around the spy phone, you must call it from your phone (the so called monitoring phone). The spy cellphone software will recognize the caller as a controlling number, and will silently activate the microphone, allowing you to listen to conversations around the phone within a range of a few meters. To intercept a telephone conversation, you will have to wait for a phone call to star t, which will be notified to you with an SMS message. At this point you will be able to call the spy telephone from the monitoring number, and listen to the phone call in real time, and without being noticed. To intercept text messages, both incoming and outgoing, you just have to send an SMS to the spyphone, containing a command string which will activate the relevant function. To locate the GPS position of the spy mobile phone, you can send another text command by SMS, and within a few minutes, the spy phone will reply with an SMS that indicates the geographical coordinates of its position. At this point, just enter the coordinates on Google Maps or Google Earth, and you will be immediately able to see the exact location of the spy cellphone at that time. If you are very busy, and have no time to call and listen in real time, you can activate the recording function, which will automatically record all calls and environmental conversations, and at a later stage send them directly to your e-mail address. This function is activated just like all others, and that is, by sending an SMS, which just like all other operating commands will not be displayed on the spy phone screen. In fact, all functions can be activated via SMS, and in the same fashion they can be disabled one by one. Our GSM spyphones have a wide range of applications like monitoring older people or children, or to protect your assets or personal interests. They are not meant to be used for any illegal purpose. Our spy software is installed manually. The spy file is sent via infrared or Bluetooth connection, from your computer or another phone. This aspect can help us in difficult cases: for example, if you are not able to have your target use a spy phone that you can give as a present or a benefit, all you need to do is get hold of their phone for a few minutes, and quickly transfer the spy software from your phone via Bluetooth, installing the software within a few seconds, without leaving any visible sign. Once the spy software is correctly installed, the job is done. All functions can be individually enabled, disabled or configured remotely via SMS. All SMS messages containing operating instructions are absolutely invisible: the spyphone receives them, but they are grabbed by the spy software and will not show up on the display or give out any sign of activity. In one unique product you will find comfortable and effective security control of your home using the simplest of controls. GSM Alarm Home Control operates fully automatically. Ensure your house is safe with a chip or a card, with an alarm siren, with a message to your phone or to a security agency and enjoy the possibility of switching on an appliance with a phone call or an sms. However, if you require more comfortable control, you can have a touch screen control in your home, an application on your mobile or even connect to your home via the internet. The product will secure the whole house when you leave. At night, however, it can protect only the rooms that you do not use. This ensures a good nights sleep, safe in the mind that your house is secure from illegal entry whilst you sleep. Its up to you whether you connect an outdoor siren and rely on the fact that thieves will be frightened away, or, vice versa, if you let a thief steal in peace while the silent alarm is alerting the security agency and you have a chance to catch the thieves red-handed. With our product you can connect indoor and outdoor thermometers. From a distance you can check the temperature, receive an SMS if the set temperature is exceeded and even specify the individual room temperature. Before arriving at your weekend cottage or at home you can set the temperature in advance so that you come home to a nice, comfortable climate. Remote controls are expensive and often do not have the necessary reach or you are constantly looking for it! In contrast, we carry a mobile phone all the time. Therefore, if the appliance is connected to GSM Home Control you can easily control everything from your mobile. This doesnt just mean from anywhere in the world, you can also do it from the comfort of your sofa! The product doesnt satisfy the basic configuration for your house? Do you have specific requirements? We are here for you and we can prepare any configuration to give you peace of mind. http://www.levelna.com/en/gc-055-gsm-alarm-amp-house-control.htm

Russel Ward, The Australian Legend - Book Review Essay -- essays resea

When writing the "big picture" histories, historians often overlook or exaggerate certain aspects of Australian history to make their point. Discuss with reference to one the recommended texts. The book "The Australian Legend", written by Russell Ward and published in 1958 speaks mainly of "Australian Identity". It looks at nationalism and what has formed our self-image. There are many aspects that are left overlooked however, as the Authour makes his assumptions. Significant parts of society are neglected consideration, these include those that weren't from the bush, non-British immigrants, the Aboriginal people and women. Also the use of romanticised and exaggerated evidence causes an imbalance in his conclusions. Ward's main reason for writing "The Australian Legend" was to portray the typical Australian's perception of himself. He admitted that the book was not intended to be a history of Australia, and it wasn't. What the narrative does do however, is trace and explore the source of what he referred to as the "national mystique". Ward bases his work on the opinion that the 'Australian spirit' is somehow intimately connected with the bush and that it derives rather from the common folk than from the more respectable sections of society. He treats this assumption methodically, using literary and historical evidence. The majority of the evidence, are extracts taken from the Sydney Bulletin, a paper edited by J.F Archibald. Writers included "the three greatest 'nationalist' writers of the 'nineties", as Ward called them. They were Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, and Joseph Furphy. Ward believed that their works were hard fact - a reflection of the emergence of a dist inctively Australian way of life in the outback. This evidence however is rather selective. It appears that Ward has only chosen to include the works that support his version of the 'Australian identity', intentionally leaving out works by the aforementioned writers that gave reference to anyone not fitting his description of 'typical', ie. women, foreigners, aboriginals and city-dwellers. The Australian bush legend, Ward believed, came to its climax in the 1880s. He mentions that it was during this time that the majority of the population were native-born, white males who enjoyed the works of writers such as Paterson and Lawson. It w... ... Although partially true in its time, the Australian bush legend fades more and more as time progresses. The Australian identity of the 1890s was not the same as it was in the 1950s, nor do we have the same self-image today, as portrayed in 'The Australian Legend'. Recent statistics show that we work longer hours and drink far less then we used to. Many more Australians go to the beach than to the bush and despite the iconic male bushman, for most men and women in Australia the beach is far more central to our identity and lives, as the majority of the population lives closer to our coastal shores. 'The Australian Legend', in itself is an acurate portrayal and recount of one part of society, from a specific era, ie. the Australian bushman of the 1890s. Its exaggerations, however, such as the romanticism of the bush ethos by Australian writers, the unbalanced use of evidence, and the neglect to acknowledge the contribution to our national identity from certain sections of society, ie. aboriginal people, city-dwellers, women, and non-British immigrants, render this book to be flawed. For these reasons, it cannot be regarded as a complete and balanced account of Australian history.

Effects of Silane Based QAC on Hygienic Unifrom Fabrics

Consequence OF SILANE BASED QAC ON HYGIENIC UNIFORM FABRICS ; IT’S EFFICACY AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM BY BIO-BURDEN Trial Abstraction The demands for unvarying cloths are under different industrial environment, supplying attention, freshness, comfort and protection for the tegument. The survey besides saw types and consequence of bug every bit good as chemicals used to protect the unvarying cloths against their onslaught under the environment of different corporate industries, so they can populate in a more fresh and hygienic ambiance. The intervention withzycrobial( Silane based QAC ) besides improves the antimicrobic consequence of cotton, p/v and p/c cloth measured by BPB discoloration trial compared to untreated cloth.Zycrobialtreated aprons were exposed to different environment and evaluated by bio-burden trial which is new trial method in fabric testing. The treated aprons shows low bacterial tonss in different industrial environment compared to the untreated 1s. Cardinal Footings Uniform cloths, Antibacterial Efficacy, Bio-burden trial, Silane based QAC, Zycrobial, BPB trial. Introduction Fabric consumers all around the universe are now going much more cognizant of the hurtful effects, that microorganism may hold upon fabrics and up on human hygiene. Fabrics are one of the chief bacteriums transporting medium. Textile fibres provide the perfect platform for growing of micro-organisms. Even the different environments ( hot, humid, and cold ) lead to growing of different bacteriums. These bacteria/microbes on fabrics frequently result in staining, decolouring of the cloth and leads to bad smell1-6. In India, the usage of antimicrobic fabrics is become premier necessity due to the worm and humid clime. This is the most suited environment for the growing of micro-organisms. Clothing and fabric stuffs are the bearers of these micro-organisms such as infective bacteriums, odour bring forthing bacteriums and mould fungi, besides become good media for their growing7-10. Microbial infestation airss danger to both life and non life affairs. Obnoxious odor organize the interior garments such as socks, spread of diseases, staining and debasement of fabrics are some of the damaging effects of bad bugs. Though the usage of disinfectants have been known for the decennaries, it is merely in the recent twosome of old ages several efforts have been made on completing fabrics with antimicrobic compounds11-20. Antimicrobial coating is a recent invention in coatings. The consumers are now progressively cognizant of the hygienic life manner and there is a necessity and outlook for a broad scope of fabric merchandises finished with antimicrobic belongingss21-25. This finish prevents the growing of bacteriums and merchandises finished in it have been proved environment friendly and wellness protecting, forestalling diseases. It besides prevents garments from unpleasant smell26-36. Zycrobialis one of the merchandise ofZydex industries.Zycrobialis recollective, non flammable, non leachable, easy to use organo-functional silane based antibacterial. It provides lasting anti-bacterial and anti-odor coating and ensures freshness and comfort for the user. This recollective coating is covalent adhering to hydroxyl group ( in instance of cellulose fiber ) and/or by formation of permeating polymer concatenation around the surface of fibers ( in instance of man-made fiber ) .Zycrobialexpeditiously inhibits growing of bacteriums and thereby protects fabric merchandises from impairment and stain. It is for good fixed to the substrate by proper drying or hardening. It has user-friendly glycol as against methyl alcohol in other similar viing merchandises. It is eco friendly and safe for usage by human existences. The experimental program was based on application ofzycrobial( Antimicrobial agent ) on polyester/viscose, polyester/cotton blend and 100 % cotton cloth by pad–dry-cure method. The treated cloth was check silane based QAC compound presence by BPB ( Bromo Phenol Blue ) trial in footings of alteration in their microbiological activity. The efficaciousness of the intervention was besides evaluated for its efficaciousness against 30 wash harmonizing to the standard method. This omegaycrobialmerchandise was besides applied to industrial apron that is polyester/viscose blend uniform cloth by exhaust method. These aprons were exposed in different environment like milk industry, nutrient fabrication, infirmary, infective lab, etc. and collected after 3 to 6 yearss, eventually tested for its antibacterial efficiency by Bio-Burden Test. Materials Fabrics The three types of cloths were selected for unvarying cloths viz. , Polyester/Viscose ( P/V ) , Polyester/Cotton ( P/C ) blend and 100 % Cotton ( C ) . The item specifications for cloths are given in Table I. Table I.Specification of Assorted FabricsSr. No.TrialFabricsP/VP/CC1WeavePlainPlain2/1 Twill2Blend ( % )80/2067/33100 % C3GSM175.24119.57246.774EPI/ PPI58/50100/7678/535Count/Denier416/380161/15514.8/11.56Width ( centimeter )148.5921527Thickness ( millimeter )0.380.300.62Chemicals The antibacterial stuff was usedZycrobialmerchandise of Zydex industries limited, Vadodara. Looking to the environmental protocol today’s universe requires an eco-friendly and cost effectual manner to complete fabrics. Therefore in the present survey omegaycrobialas antibacterial coating agent was selected and this is eco-friendly in nature.Acetic acid( CH3COOH ) was used in thezycrobialintervention bath for keeping Acidic pH. TheR-77was supplied by zydex industries and used as pretreatment of all cloths withSodium carbonate( Sodium2Carbon monoxide3) . TheECEmention detergent was used for BS EN 26330:1994 domestic rinsing method. All chemicals used in this experiment were of analytical class and used without farther purification. Experimental methods Preparation of fabric cloths for intervention To take the coating and other hydrophobic drosss from all the three selected cloths. The cloths were treated with the bath incorporating 5 gpl non-ionic detergent ( R-77 ) and 2 gpl Na carbonate for 30 proceedingss at 800C temperature. The cloths were so washed exhaustively in running H2O, neutralized, washed once more in running H2O and eventually dried under shadiness. The pretreatment procedure was carried out in L.G. Direct Drive rinsing Machine. The pH of cloths was checked to impersonal before farther processing. Application of Zycrobial on Fabric by Embroidering Technique Application ofzycrobialon cloth was done by embroidering technique. In pad application, the cloth immersed in spirits contain needed sum of antimicrobic agent (zycrobial– 30 gpl ) and pass through the cushioning mangle at 2.5 kg/cm2force per unit area utilizing laboratory two bowl embroidering mangle. The cloth was later dried and cured at room temperature. Application of Zycrobial on Aprons by Exhaust Technique In exhaust application, the unvarying garments were treated with 3 % and 5 % ( owf )zycrobialfor 20 proceedingss at room temperature maintaining the Liquor ratio 1:10. The 5 % ( owf ) was done on infirmary and pathology lab aprons and 3 % ( owf ) for other aprons. The intervention was performed in rinsing machine utilizing exhaustion technique of application. Finally, the samples were dried at room temperature under shadiness. Washing procedure The lastingness of thezycrobialintervention was evaluated by BS EN 26330:1994 method utilizing domestic lavation procedure. The specimen was washed in an automatic domestic lavation machine by utilizing 1 gpl ECE detergent at 400C for 30 proceedingss and line dried at room temperature harmonizing to specified process. The procedure was repeated for 30 times utilizing the same process of rinsing. After 30 wash, the samples were tested for their efficaciousness by BPB trial. Evaluation of Treatment for Antibacterial Activity of Textiles Antibacterial efficiency of fabrics was measured by two methods:Bromo phenol blue method ( BPB-Stain Test )Bio-Burden TrialEvaluation of antimicrobic activity by BPB methods Testing of white or light- colored goods:Bromophonol Blue ( BPB ) solution of 0.025 % was prepared in distilled H2O ; few beads of saturated Na2Carbon monoxide3solution per 100 milliliter BPB solutions was add.10 milliliter of the solution was taken in beaker and the trial specimen was soaked in the solution for 20 mins. Finally the sample was rinsed in distilled H2O.The sample was observed for the blue discoloration and comparison against Bramophenol Blue colour trial graduated table.Evaluation of antibacterial efficiency by Bio-Burden trial Bio-burden is new trial method for proving antimicrobic activity of fabric. Bio-burden is usually defined as the figure of bacteriums populating on a surface ( Textile, Food, etc. ) that has non been sterilized. The term is most frequently used in the context of bio-burden testing, besides known as microbic bound testing, which is performed on pharmaceutical merchandises, medical merchandises and membrane filtration for quality control purposes. Merchandises or constituents used in the pharmaceutical or medical field require control of microbic degrees during processing and handling. Bio-burden or microbic bound proving on these merchandises proves that these demands have been met. The population of feasible micro-organisms ( bio-burden ) in a merchandise or on a merchandise surface is required to supervise a production procedure, be it for a medicative merchandise or a medical device. In most instances, with a medicative merchandise one is analyzing the merchandise straight, in which instance there is a demand to do certain there are no antimicrobic belongingss in the merchandise to impact the consequences. This is usually done by micro-organism recovery experiments. In the instance of medical devices there is the possibility that the extraction process may non take all the micro-organism from the device, thereby doing an underestimate of the existent bio-burden nowadays. These are based upon the standard ISO 11737:127-28. Bacteriological surveies of efficaciousness of the antibacterial activity on treated and untreated uniform garments after usage were following stairss:Two sets of treated and untreated aprons ( Shown in Table II ) were distributed for usage in different environmental scenes likeHospitalpathology research labMilk merchandise millFood processing unitGeneral Chemical Laboratory.Table II.Detailss of the aprons exposed in the different environmentSr.No.Treated/UntreatedDescription of EnvironmentDayss to Expose1TreatedDairy- ( Butter, Milk )6UntreatedDairy- ( Butter, Milk )62TreatedDairy- ( Paneer, Ice pick )6UntreatedDairy- ( Paneer, Ice pick )63TreatedRestaurant3UntreatedRestaurant34TreatedBakery3UntreatedBakery35TreatedGeneral Env. ( Zydex Lab )3UntreatedGeneral Env. ( Zydex Lab )36TreatedHospital6UntreatedHospital67TreatedPathology Lab6UntreatedPathology Lab6After usage for 3-6 yearss by the staff members in the several environments, the aprons were collected in unfertile polythene bag s and brought to the bacteriology lab.A portion of the apron stuff which is likely to be most open portion ( close to the pockets ) was cut 2 ten 2 centimeter under unfertile conditions.Each piece of the fabric was dipped individually into a unfertile trial tubing incorporating 2 ml alimentary broth solution.The tubings were so incubated at 37a? °c for 90 proceedingss.With the aid of nicrome cringle ( 4 mm diameter ) , a loop-full of peptone was placed on civilization media plates viz. , ( I ) Food agar ( two ) Blood agar and ( three ) MacConkey’s agar.The home bases were incubated aerobically at 37a? °C for over-night or 48 hours.The home bases were so examined for bacterial growing.The isolates were identified to a species degree by biochemical trials on an automated instrument ( Microscan walk off 41 ) .Consequences were so compared by numbering CFU ( colony organizing units- bacterial burden ) on treated and untreated fabric.Consequences and Discussion Antimicrobial Efficacy by Bromo Phenol Blue ( BPB – Stain ) Trial Table III shows thezycrobialefficiency of intervention on cloths. From the consequences, it can be seen that the samples treated withzycrobialexhibited good antimicrobic belongings compared to untreated samples as per BPB discoloration graduated table. Efficiency of the intervention was found decreased by increased in figure of rinsing rhythm. The consequence shown in Table III revels that after 30 wash, the deepness of bluish coloring material discoloration become lighter thanzycrobialtreated samples without wash. Further, the cotton samples withzycrobialintervention shows somewhat darker coloring material even after 30 washes. The treated samples shows darker blue discoloration compared to their untreated opposite number. Even after 30 washes the treated sample shows darker bluish discoloration compared to the untreated control sample. This consequence indicates that the efficiency ofzycrobialtreated samples retained antimicrobic belongings even after 30 wash. Table III.Zycrobialtreated and untreated cloths with 30 Time wash BPB Stain trial consequenceSr.No.TreatmentP/VP/CCotton1UntreatedI µ I µI µ I µI µ I µ230 gplzycrobial+ ++ ++ + +330 wash treated+++Efficiency ofZycrobialTreated Uniform by Bio-Burden Test The aprons (zycrobialtreated and Untreated ) were tested in Microbiology lab which exposed to different environment viz. , Dairy ( Butter and Milk subdivision for 6 yearss i.e. 3-3 yearss in each subdivision ) , Dairy ( Paneer and Ice-cream subdivision for 6 yearss i.e. 3-3 yearss in each subdivision ) , Restaurant ( for 3 yearss ) , Bakery ( for 3 yearss ) , General environment i.e in chemical lab ( for 3 yearss ) , Hospital ward ( for 6 yearss ) and pathology proving lab ( for 6 yearss ) . All aprons proving study are shown in table IV and table V. The tabular array IV study are shown in cfu/cm2which is convert to bacterial decrease in per centum comparison ofzycrobialtreated and untreated aprons in each environment shown in table V. InHospital environment, bacterial decrease was 100 % i.e. no settlement was found in omegaycrobialtreated apron but in untreated apron shownStaphylococcus( non-hemolytic, coagulase negative ) bacteria. Inpathology lab environment, bacterial decrease was 66.67 % . The settlement count inzycrobialtreated was 10,000 cfu/cm2holdingBacillus subtilisbacteria and untreated was 30,000 cfu/cm2foundStaphylococcus( non-hemolytic, coagulase negative ) andBacillus subtilisbacteria. Table IV.Bio-burden trial study for omegaycrobialtreated and untreated P/V uniforms exposed in different environmentSr. No.EnvironmentUntreated p/v unvarying consequence ( cfu/cm2)Treated p/v unvarying consequence ( cfu/cm2)1Dairy ( Butter and Milk )2?10402Dairy ( Paneer and Ice-cream )5?1041?1043Restaurant2?10404Bakery3.1?10405General Environment ( Chemical Lab )1?10206Hospital10?10307Pathology Lab3?1041?104Table V.Bio-burden trial study of % bacterial decrease inzycrobialtreated P/V unvarying comparison to untreated P/V uniforms exposed in different environmentSr. No.Name of the EnvironmentBacterial decrease in %Remarks ( Antibacterial activity )1Dairy ( Butter and Milk )100Excellent2Dairy ( Paneer and Ice-cream )80Good3Restaurant100Excellent4Bakery100Excellent5General Environment ( Chemical Lab )100Excellent6Hospital100Excellent7Pathology Lab66.67GoodIndairy ( butter and Milk treating subdivision ) ,bacterial decrease was 100 % i.e. no settlement was found inzycrobialtreated apron but in untreated apron shownBacillus subtilisbacteria. Indairy ( paneer and Ice-cream processing subdivision ), bacterial decrease was 80 % . The settlement count inzycrobialtreated was 10,000cfu/cm2and in untreated was 50,000 cfu/cm2foundBacillus subtilisbacteria. InRestaurantand bakeshop, bacterial decrease was 100 % i.e. no settlement was found inzycrobialtreated apron but in untreated apron shownStaphylococcus( non-hemolytic, coagulase negative ) andBacillus subtilisbacteria. Ingeneral environmenti.e. chemical lab, bacterial count in untreated cloth itself is low i.e. merely 100 settlement. So thatzycrobialtreated was easy resisted to this bacterium. This environment is same as normal environment. Decision Zycrobial, a quaternate aminoalkane based antimicrobic agent fromZydex industryis applied successfully by economical pad-batch technique on cotton, polyester/cotton and polyester/viscose blend cloth. The intervention withzycrobialbesides improves the antimicrobic consequence of cotton, p/v and p/c cloth measured by BPB discoloration trial compared to untreated cloth.Zycrobialtreated aprons were exposed to different environment and evaluated by bio-burden trial. The treated aprons shows low bacterial tonss in different industrial environment compared to the untreated 1s. It suggests that thezycrobialtreated aprons may be used routinely to minimise the transpersonal taint in the environment. Remark on study:Non haemolytic, coagulase negativestaphylococciare natural dwellers can be found on the tegument as a commensal vegetation.Bacillus subtilisis a saprophytic bacteria. It is by and large found as a contamination in the microbiology research labs.Bacillus spp.( gm positiveB aerophilic B) is seldom recovered from clinical specimens. Their clinical significance is unsure.Recognition I take this chance to show my deep sense of gratitude towardsMr. J. Sridhar ( Vice President-Textile ),Mr. P. Pandey and Ms. S. VijayZydex Industriesfor leting me to transport out practical work and widening installations during my thesis work. MentionsGopalakrishnan, D ; Ashwini, R.K. hypertext transfer protocol // www.fibre2fashion.com ( Accessed January 13, 2014 ) .Desai, K.U. ; Patel.B.H.International Dyer, ( 2 ) , February 2014, pp.33-38.Schatz, K.International Dyer,June 2001, pp.17-19.Holme, Ian.International Dyer, 187 ( 12 ) , December 2002, pp.9-11.Patel, B.H. ; Tandel, M.G.Man-made Textiles in India, December 2005, pp. 473.Menezes, E.International Dyer, December 2002, 187 ( 12 ) , p.13-16.Patel, B.H. ; Tandel, M.G.Asiatic Dyer, May-June 2005, pp. 31.Gao, Y ; Cranston, R.Textile Research Journal,78, 2008, pp. 60-72.Yang, Y ; et Al.Textile Chemist and Colorist and American Dyestuff Reporter,32( 4 ) , April 2000, pp. 44-49.Huang, W ; Leonas, K.K.Textile Research Journal, 70 ( 9 ) , pp.774-782.Francois, N.R. ; et Al.Journal of Industrial Textile,36( 1 ) , July 2006, pp.89-94.Acquirings, R.L. ; Triplett, B.L.AEGIS Manual, March 2005, pp.1-6.Farzaneh, J ; Ali, Ashjaran.World applied scientific disciplines diary, 19 ( 1 ) , 2012, pp.63-69.Pali, R. ; V, Rajan.Man-made fibers,32( 3 ) , July 2004, pp.29.Riter ; Wolfgang.United States Patent Application 20060265814, November 2006.Dr. T, Ramachandran. ; K, Rajendrakumar.IE journal-TX, 84, February 2004, pp.42-47.Patel, K.J. ; et Al.Man-made Textiles in India,47( 11 ) , November 2004, pp.426.I, Dring.Society of Dyers and Colourists, 2003, pp.351.Hauser, P.J. ; Muneeb, T.AATCC Review, April 2004, pp.24.Joshi, M ; Wazed, S ; Puwar, R.Indian diary of Fibre andTextile Research, 34, September 2009, pp.295-304.K, Deepak ; Desai, K.U.Current Pharma Research Journal,1( 2 ) , 2011, pp.145-152.AATCC Test method 100,AATCC Technical manual, 83, 2008, pp.145-147.AATCC Test method 147,AATCC Technical manual, 83, 2008, pp. 259-260.Shanmugasundaram, O.The Indian Textile Journal, August 2007.Dr. Hussain, T.The Indian Textile Journal, 2007.Sanitized.International Dyer,187( 12 ) , December 2002, pp.12.Information from: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi oburden ( accessed April 20, 2014 ) .Information from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amslabs.com.au/_Bioburden_Tests-27.htm ( accessed April 20, 2014 ) .Thiry, M.AATCC Review, Nov/Dec 2010, pp.28-37.Krueger, J.Auspices, 1, 2013, pp.1-13.Boryo.The International Journal of Engineering and Science,2( 8 ) , 2013, pp.9-13.Dr. Baroudi, A.Food safety institute and Aramark uniform services, April 2009, pp.1-17.Paul, F.North West fungus Group, 19, 1997, pp.46.G, Deepti.Resil Chemicals PVT Ltd, Delhi, 2001, pp.1.Curtis, W.W. ; et Al.AEGIS ASIA PTE ltd, Easlink Building Singapore, 2000, pp.20.

How successful the D-Day landings were

There were different levels of successes and failures at different areas of D-day. The British airborne had many successes. Not only were they the first units to fly over the Channel Islands, dropping ruperts and windows on Roven, but they captured all their targets (including the town of Sainte Mere Englise). The Germans thought there was no chance of attack due to the abominable weather conditions that day which left them venerable. They did, of course, also experience failures. There was fierce German resistance. This obviously made it very difficult for them to reach their specific targets. Source G mentions that â€Å"much has been made of the poor quality of the German troops defending the Channel coast† I think this probably depends in which country you are in. If you are German then the story is probably told very differently. Even here in England we know that the resistance form the Germans was fierce and was indeed hard to overcome. However, with the allies good troops and their excellent new technology they managed to overcome this obstacle. Source G also mentions that the German troops brought the allies close to defeat on Omaha beach. I don't believe this too be true. Although Omaha was one of the most difficult areas of D-day, the allies won the battle and the defences were breached. Overall, the British airborne area of D-day was very successful. Helping to capture many of the D-day targets. The US airborne was not as successful as the British. They landed 25 miles off course and lost 60% of their equipment. The postponement of D-day had meant a 48 hour vigil on the sea floor, crews endured horrific cramped conditions. The US could have been more organised, this may have led to less mistakes. However, they did eventually recoup and secure their targets. At Utah, troops pushed inland and secured the beach. US reports said operations at Utah were â€Å"smooth, perfectly coordinated and magnificent†. Nevertheless, the beach was heavily lined with mines. Overall, all went well, only real problem was with the mines, but even that was overcome. At Omaha the battle was won and the defences breached. Anyhow, there were huge amounts of casualties. Some were caused by rough seas, some by underwater beach obstacles and some by enemy fire. Lots of tanks were lost and fog and heavy cloud made off course bombs. In conclusion, although there was a devastating amount of casualties, they did finally liberate Omaha beach. At Gold the troops used Hobart funnies, which helped to keep the losses relatively light. The troops pushed into Bayeux and by 8. 00am villages were celebrating liberation. The beach was extensively mined and covered by heavy guns and the villages provided cover for the German snipers. Moreover, although there was strong resistance, the losses were relatively light. At Juno beach the Canadians also used Hobart funnies to get round the huge obstacles. By the evening the troops were heading for Caen. Although the area was protected by heavy guns, perhaps the most difficult part was getting around the obstacles such as a tall concrete wall, which all made up parts of the Atlantic wall. Source H shows some of those parts. The pictures infer ally failure. They also seem to be posed, as if they are trying to impress people with their fierce looking defences. You can see this because in the first picture, for example, there is no one on the beach, and on the third the soldier looks like he has been told to stand there for the picture. Even with all these drastic defence mechanisms, the allies still managed to clear them using the Hobart Funnies. At Sword, the biggest worry was the very strong Le Havre battery, with guns across the landing area, there was also very poor visibility. Even so, the seafront defences were breached and the population of Ouistreham was delighted to find that their liberators included a â€Å"free French† battalion. The mulberry harbours were constructed, and the teams of surgeons came over with them. Both the Americans and the British used Mulberry Harbour's. Despite the American harbour being wrecked by heavy weather after 4 days use, the Harbours played a vital part in the success of ‘Operation Overlord'. In the first 6 days of use of the British Mulberry, 326,000 troops, 54,000 vehicles and 100,000 tons of supplies were handled. Source D is the British harbour at Arromanches. The mulberry in the picture looks very successful, with everything appearing to be in working order. Some people even go as far as saying that mulberry harbours were the greatest invention that came out of D-day. In conclusion, I think the D-day landings were very successful for the allies. After all, not only did they breach all of the German defences, they fought a victorious and courageous battle.

Landing on Mars †Science Essay

Landing on Mars – Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Landing on Mars Science Essay When we are on Mars, we are going to research on how we can build a colony on Mars and how we can survive there. We are looking for ways on how we can provide ourselves with oxygen, food and water, and how we can dispose of our garbage without going to Earth and getting the supply’s we need. We need to know if the ground is stable enough to build structures on, we have to know the temperature, the soil, and the terrain. Mars is known as the Roman god of war or the Red planet. The surface on Mars is very rocky and has a lot of craters that are 18 kilometers in diameter and even larger. The surface of Mars is almost the same as the Earths surface except that the rocks on Mars look pink and red. Mars has dust storms that cover the entire planet. The particles in the dust suspend in the planet’s thin atmosphere and give the sky a pinkish orange glow. The surface on Mars is the closest planet surface to Earth. The atmosphere is very thin and is saturated with Carbon dioxide gas. There are also canyons and volcanoes, but they are not active, the soil is very rich in iron oxide, and also has ice caps just like the Earth containing frozen carbon dioxide. Surface temperature varies from –128 C (-199 F) during polar night to 27 C (80 F) at equator during midday. The volcanoes and canyons on Mars are the largest and deepest canyons in the solar system. The volcano that is on Mars is called Olympus Mons. Because of the tilt of the planets axis, it also has different seasons just like the Earth. The sun appears about half the size on Mars as it does on Earth. Data from the Mars Global indicates that Mars’s crust is about 80 kilometers thick in the southern hemisphere but only about 35 kilometers in the north hemisphere. The southern hemisphere of Mars is predominantly ancient cratered highlands somewhat similar to the Moon. Most of the northern hemisphere consists of plains which are much younger, lower in elevation and have a much more complex history. Mars has a low density compared to the other terrestrial planets indicates that it’s core contains a large amount of sulfur, iron, and iron sulfide. Sulfide is a mineral compo und formed through the binding of sulfur and metal. Mars has a very thin atmosphere composed mostly of the tiny amount of remaining carbon dioxide (95.3%) plus nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%) and traces of oxygen (0.15%) and water (0.03%). In our solar system, Mars is in between Earth and Jupiter. It is the fourth planet from the sun and is about 227.7 million kilometers away from it. It is the last of the inner planets and is the seventh largest planet in orbit, diameter, and mass. Mars is 72 million miles away from the Earth and it would take 2 Â ½ months to get there by spaceship. Research Papers on Landing on Mars - Science EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export Quotas

Black Elk Speaks Essay Example for Free

Black Elk Speaks Essay In the article, Black Elk Speaks with Forked Tongue, Couser is giving his opinion on how he thinks that Neihardt was in actuality suppressing the Lakota way of life and Black Elk’s story. His opinion is backed by some good points from the text and as well as other scholars who have the same opinion as himself. Couser does believe that Black Elk Speaks is a well written book and he even respects and commends Neihardt in his attempt to honor Black Elk, â€Å"before detailing the short comings of Black Elk Speaks I would like to acknowledge the considerable efforts Neihardt made to honor Black Elk’s narrative† (Couser). Couser then dives into the idea that this book as an autobiography should be a thing of the past. I think Couser then gets carried away with an opinion about how Black Elk was being censored and the truths were kept secret. Couser’s argument is good but his tactic and tangent near the end could have been left out; it does not hurt the argument but it also is too absurd to help the argument as well. Couser states that one of the problems with Neihardt is just the sheer fact of the language barrier; he uses DeMallie as an example of a person who thought the same thing. While there is good translation at times there are horrific and even completely made up parts in the book; this goes back to Couser’s argument that the book is not qualified to be called a Native American Biography. Neihardt had Black Elk’s son translate while Neighardt’s daughter would take notes; this action alone makes it inevitable that there will be some miscommunication and misinterpretation. It was then Neihardt who, in order to fill in the loss in translation, put in his own creativity and somehow turn a story into a piece of literary work. Due to the language barrier it was inevitable from the very beginning that Neihardt would have to change things around for literary purposes. Couser seems to only point out the bad parts of the book and never goes into depth about any of the good things, for instance: had Neihardt gone verbatim what Black Elk said he would have gotten factual information wrong, â€Å"After we had danced, she spoke to us. She said something like this: ‘I am sixty-seven years old. (Neihardt 177); this is just one example where Neihardt saw a mistake and corrected it just as any good editor would do. A literal translation of every word Black Elk spoke is not plausible due to a difference in culture as well as language. As a writer it was Neihardt’s job to put it in a form that is readable. It was his job to try to convey the emotions Black Elk was portraying in the telling of the story. Seeing what Neihardt put in and left out did not make much of a difference and it seemed to be well done for as big of a barrier he faced. Couser also argues that Neihardt’s free translation, not just language barrier but also that Neihardt could fill in things with his own creativeness, debunks the argument that Black Elk Speaks is a true Native American Autobiography. He believes that Neihardt’s attempts to change and convey emotion are merely Neihardt using his own opinion and creativeness. The text in the book is not verbatim and therefore Neihardt did his own thing. Couser later argues that Neihardt creating much of the story is still a kind of suppression and is conveying a dominant power. Neihardt used creativity just as any other writer would have done. â€Å"There were many lies, but we could not eat them. The forked tongue made promises† (Neihardt 172); that sentence is Neihardt’s and it may not be what Black Elk said but it could have been something that Neihardt could see Black Elk saying. Just because something is creative does not mean that it is an absurd thought. He used creativity to convey what he was seeing from Black Elk himself. Had Neihardt only gone by words I think more would have been lost in translation; not only is there language that has to be translated but also an emotional language. Neihardt took it upon himself to convey the emotion and had someone else transcribe the notes. Even though the translation was not word for word I think he portrayed the emotion quite well in the text. Couser then starts his tangent about how in this â€Å"autobiography† the white man is still suppressing the Native American Indian. He discusses little things like how Neihardt should not have addressed Black Elk as Black Elk. He also accuses Neihardt of trying to make the book too Indian like. He criticizes Neihardt’s writing of Black Elk. Couser then argues that the reason that Neihardt did not mention as many rituals or customs in the text is due to a dominant culture trying to eradicate and hide another culture, the Native American Indian culture. All in the same argument Couser suggest that the book is a sign of cultural imperialism; he says that the books was meant to escape cultural imperialism but in the end the book seems to be all about cultural imperialism I believe that Neihardt wrote the book and went off, as closely as possible, Black Elk. Neihardt approached Black Elk, not vice versa; had Black Elk approached Neihardt the book would probably be totally different then what it is today. Neihardt had every right to do what he did in the book due to his poetic license. It should be a given that Neihardt was going to do some of his own things; however, that does not mean that the book is a cultural imperialist book or a historical fiction. For some reason Neihardt changed his intentions for the interview; they were going to go towards his poetry but for some purpose he turned to a novel. I believe Neihardt was doing the story telling in a way that had never been done before, in a literary way. Black Elk told the story in an oral and story form and Neihardt then transformed the story into a literary work. Couser did have a strong argument and I do agree with what he said about how the book should not be taken as a Lakota bible or a Native American Biography; I do not agree with his argument that the book is a form of suppression upon the Native Americans. The flaws in the book are minute enough that it can still give a considerable amount of history and background on the Lakota people. However, it should not be taken as a bible for the Lakota people, after all not everything of what was said about the tribe and rituals is in the book and one must do more research than just read and study Black Elk Speaks. All Neihardt was expected to do was his best and I think he did accomplish his goal of creating a fairly accurate portrayal of the Lakota people and the Indian life of Black Elk. Black Elk Speaks. (2017, Feb 10). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

The Meanings of peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Meanings of peace - Essay Example issues, Barash and Webel (5-6), indicate peace is not just the nonexistence of violence, but also the existence of tolerance and harmony across different ethnicities and economic classes. Further, there is logic of forbearance in international affairs for the attainment of true harmony in global society. By indicating that Violence becomes connected to harmony at an early level, since basically; it is shaped by the nature of an authority. Harmony develops, thanks to individual modifications of power structures (Barash and Webel 6-11). The meaning of â€Å"war and peace are two ends of a continuum† (Barash and Webel 10) implies conflict is a likely result of the idea of peace that is common in the mainstream society. This implies peace as lack of violence. Further, it is a fact, long believed in peace findings and conflict issues. In view of this, satisfaction with the mere lack of â€Å"concrete† violence falls short of the beliefs of peace and serves successfully to conceal cruelty that is executed at a more profound level. The authors designated this profound conflict that is an essential part of the general order as some sort of structural hostility. The existence of a voiceless society is mistakenly interpreted as a tranquil society. Structural violence is believed in everyday existence, roughly as normal as it is in the current world. This invisible cruelty is established by an extensive arrangement of triggering factors in society that affect the generation of multiple forms of disparity (Bara sh and Webel 9). According to Barash, and Webel (7), being concerned with this hostility is a condition that may be systemically generated. By saying negative peace means the â€Å"absence of war† (Barash and Webel 7), it simply implies absolute peace. Conversely, positive peace means the concealment of the prevailing hostility (Barash and Webel 7-8). Furthermore, this is an idea of conflict linked to peace, and harmony as lack of hostility, which describes the influence